{"id":95042,"date":"2026-08-20T15:16:05","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T19:16:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/?post_type=insights&#038;p=95042"},"modified":"2026-08-20T15:16:05","modified_gmt":"2026-08-20T19:16:05","slug":"the-future-of-the-spanish-steel-sector-is-being-forged-by-transactions","status":"publish","type":"insights","link":"https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/fr\/insights\/the-future-of-the-spanish-steel-sector-is-being-forged-by-transactions\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;avenir du secteur sid\u00e9rurgique espagnol se forge au gr\u00e9 des transactions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La r\u00e9cente publication de l&rsquo;indice PMI manufacturier ne fait que confirmer ce que chacun anticipait. Pour le troisi\u00e8me mois cons\u00e9cutif, l&rsquo;indicateur s&rsquo;est \u00e9tabli en dessous des 50 points, en zone de contraction, ce qui laisse pr\u00e9sager une fin d&rsquo;ann\u00e9e bien \u00e9loign\u00e9e de l&rsquo;exub\u00e9rance observ\u00e9e l&rsquo;an dernier. <\/strong><br> <br>L&rsquo;environnement macro\u00e9conomique ne facilite pas l&rsquo;\u00e9laboration d&rsquo;estimations, et encore moins d&rsquo;estimations optimistes. L&rsquo;incertitude g\u00e9opolitique, qui s&rsquo;inscrit dans la dur\u00e9e en raison du conflit arm\u00e9 impliquant deux puissances mondiales de premier plan dans la fabrication et l&rsquo;exportation d&rsquo;acier, une inflation incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e et \u00e9loign\u00e9e des objectifs des banques centrales et, selon toute vraisemblance, la poursuite de la hausse des taux d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat pr\u00e9vue pour les prochains mois, convergent et frappent de plein fouet un secteur au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9veloppement industriel. <br> <br>La question que nous nous posons est de savoir si ce cocktail macro\u00e9conomique nous oriente vers un nouveau point d&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre, ou si la face cach\u00e9e de l&rsquo;iceberg ne fait que commencer \u00e0 appara\u00eetre avant l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e de l&rsquo;hiver en Europe. L&rsquo;absence de changements majeurs dans la guerre en Ukraine et l&rsquo;\u00e9volution de la spirale inflationniste dans laquelle nous nous trouvons dicteront l&rsquo;avenir \u00e0 court terme. <br> <br>Pour l&rsquo;instant, il semble que les mouvements strat\u00e9giques et op\u00e9rations de M&amp;A dans le secteur puissent se poursuivre pendant un certain temps. Apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e du groupe <em><strong>Cristian Lay<\/strong><\/em> au capital de <em><strong>Gallardo Balboa<\/strong><\/em> en juillet 2020, derni\u00e8re grande transaction dans le secteur sid\u00e9rurgique, une multitude d&rsquo;op\u00e9rations sur des entreprises de produits m\u00e9talliques se sont concr\u00e9tis\u00e9es. 11 transactions en un peu plus de 14 mois, uniquement en Espagne. On notera notamment les acquisitions de <em><strong>Tubos del Mediterr\u00e1neo<\/strong><\/em> et <em><strong>Tubos de Legutiano<\/strong><\/em> par <em><strong>Hierros A\u00f1\u00f3n<\/strong><\/em>, la cession de <a href=\"https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/fr\/transaction\/livingstone-advises-thu-ceiling-solutions-on-sale-to-kingspan-group\/\" type=\"transaction\" id=\"3765\">THU Perfil \u00e0 la multinationale irlandaise Kingspan<\/a>, ou encore l&rsquo;acquisition conjointe d&rsquo;<em><strong>Aercal<\/strong> <\/em>par son PDG et le fonds fran\u00e7ais <strong>Capza. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"391\" class=\"wp-image-91376\" style=\"width: 550px;\" src=\"https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/GRAFICO-ENG-1.jpg\" alt=\"Spain Crude Steel Production and share us. total EU27 output\" srcset=\"https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/GRAFICO-ENG-1.jpg 1181w, https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/GRAFICO-ENG-1-320x228.jpg 320w, https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/GRAFICO-ENG-1-680x484.jpg 680w, https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/GRAFICO-ENG-1-768x546.jpg 768w, https:\/\/livingstonepartners.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/GRAFICO-ENG-1-96x68.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\"><br><br>En 2021, la sid\u00e9rurgie espagnole a produit 14,2 millions de tonnes, soit environ 28 % de plus qu&rsquo;en 2020 et plus de 5 % de plus qu&rsquo;en 2019. Elle s&rsquo;est hiss\u00e9e au rang de troisi\u00e8me producteur de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne avec 9 % de la production, derri\u00e8re l&rsquo;Allemagne et l&rsquo;Italie, et devant la France. \u00c0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle mondiale, l&rsquo;Espagne repr\u00e9sente \u00e0 peine 0,7 % de la production mondiale totale, contre 8 % pour l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne. La Russie et l&rsquo;Ukraine repr\u00e9sentent 5 % d&rsquo;un march\u00e9 domin\u00e9 par la Chine, qui d\u00e9tient 53 % de la production mondiale. La Chine est soumise \u00e0 de lourds droits de douane sur les importations d&rsquo;acier \u00e0 destination de notre ch\u00e8re Union europ\u00e9enne. <br> <br>La croissance enregistr\u00e9e en Espagne, en termes de volumes, s&rsquo;est accompagn\u00e9e d&rsquo;hausses de prix permettant de r\u00e9percuter l&rsquo;augmentation des co\u00fbts des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, du transport et de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. La combinaison de ces deux leviers de croissance (prix et volume) a entra\u00een\u00e9 une am\u00e9lioration du r\u00e9sultat op\u00e9rationnel brut (EBITDA) et, dans certains cas, une nouvelle progression des marges op\u00e9rationnelles. <br> <br>En cons\u00e9quence, en 2021, les principales entreprises ont pu r\u00e9duire leur endettement net et, dans l&rsquo;ensemble, le secteur affiche une sant\u00e9 financi\u00e8re plus solide. Alors que le d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e 2022 a maintenu la bonne dynamique de 2021, le d\u00e9clenchement de la guerre en Ukraine a marqu\u00e9 un tournant d\u00e9cisif pour le secteur, si bien que le second semestre s&rsquo;annonce compl\u00e8tement diff\u00e9rent. Pour commencer, ces deux pays produisent pr\u00e8s de 100 millions de tonnes d&rsquo;acier par an, soit l&rsquo;\u00e9quivalent de 70 % de la production de l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;Union europ\u00e9enne. Les arr\u00eats de production (\u00e9vidents) en Ukraine, combin\u00e9s aux restrictions sur les importations russes, touchent de mani\u00e8re significative l&rsquo;ensemble de l&rsquo;industrie europ\u00e9enne. S&rsquo;ajoute \u00e0 cela l&rsquo;effet que la guerre a eu sur les prix du gaz et de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 sur tout le continent europ\u00e9en. <br> <br> Les hausses de taux anticip\u00e9es par les analystes au cours des prochains mois indiquent un durcissement des conditions de financement, qui pourrait impacter le march\u00e9 immobilier. Il convient de noter que les aciers longs sont majoritairement destin\u00e9s au march\u00e9 de la construction ; une contraction de ce march\u00e9 pourrait donc avoir une incidence significative sur les volumes de vente d&rsquo;aciers longs. <br> <br> D&rsquo;autre part, les aciers plats ont un march\u00e9 final plus diversifi\u00e9 ; par cons\u00e9quent, pour \u00eatre impact\u00e9s, il faudrait une contraction g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 industrielle (les indicateurs PMI dont nous parlions\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">La Russie et l&rsquo;Ukraine repr\u00e9sentent 70 % <\/mark><\/strong><\/em><br><em><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-primary-color\">de la production totale d&rsquo;acier de l&rsquo;UE27<\/mark><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, il existe d&rsquo;une part certains facteurs qui touchent l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie globale et qui se manifesteront donc de mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e au niveau des entreprises, comme la hausse des taux d&rsquo;int\u00e9r\u00eat. D&rsquo;autre part, nous observons d&rsquo;autres dynamiques qui affectent particuli\u00e8rement, ou de fa\u00e7on plus marqu\u00e9e, le secteur sid\u00e9rurgique (droits de douane, hausse du prix des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res ou de l&rsquo;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 en tant que secteur \u00e9lectro-intensif, entre autres). <br> <br> Par cons\u00e9quent, le secteur est secou\u00e9 par un tsunami de facteurs divers (\u00e0 la fois internes et externes) et l&rsquo;on s&rsquo;attend \u00e0 ce que des op\u00e9rations continuent d&rsquo;\u00e9merger sur le segment du middle-market. C&rsquo;est en eau trouble que la p\u00eache est bonne. Ces transactions peuvent s&rsquo;inscrire dans le cadre d&rsquo;une int\u00e9gration verticale au sein de la cha\u00eene de valeur par un groupe sid\u00e9rurgique industriel (comme dans le cas de Hierros A\u00f1\u00f3n), ou sous la forme d&rsquo;une acquisition par un acteur non encore pr\u00e9sent sur ce march\u00e9, qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agisse d&rsquo;un investisseur financier (comme Capza) ou d&rsquo;un groupe industriel d\u00e9veloppant un nouveau segment, \u00e0 l&rsquo;instar des op\u00e9rations de Cristian Lay ou Kingspan mentionn\u00e9es pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment. <br> <br> En conclusion, nous pensons que la sid\u00e9rurgie pr\u00e9sente de nombreuses caract\u00e9ristiques qui en font un secteur attractif pour les investisseurs, aussi bien financiers qu&rsquo;industriels, en d\u00e9pit de la p\u00e9riode d&rsquo;incertitude actuelle. Il reste un secteur cl\u00e9 pour le d\u00e9veloppement de l&rsquo;industrie, fort d&rsquo;une multitude d&rsquo;acteurs internationaux et d&rsquo;une situation financi\u00e8re solide. L&rsquo;incertitude pourrait entra\u00eener un ralentissement du rythme des transactions d&rsquo;entreprises par rapport aux derniers mois, mais de belles opportunit\u00e9s d&rsquo;investissement continuent d&rsquo;exister et nous pensons que certaines d&rsquo;entre elles pourraient se concr\u00e9tiser prochainement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Apr\u00e8s une ann\u00e9e 2021 synonyme de v\u00e9ritable coup de frais pour la sid\u00e9rurgie du pays, la pression retombe une nouvelle fois sur un secteur cl\u00e9, v\u00e9ritable colonne vert\u00e9brale de l&rsquo;industrie.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":100147,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[3398],"tags":[],"sector":[],"service":[],"class_list":["post-95042","insights","type-insights","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thought-leadership"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - 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